Subspecies in India
(1) Papilio bianor ganesa Doubleday, 1842 – East Himalayan Common Peacock
(2) Papilio bianor gladiator Fruhstorfer, 1902 – Indo-Chinese Common Peacock
Another subspecies was listed under this species, as Papilio bianor polyctor Boisduval, 1836 – West Himalayan Common Peacock. That is now reinstated as a distinct species, Papilio polyctor. See further information here and on the species page of Papilio polyctor.
Papilio polyctor is restricted to the W. Himalaya, and Papilio bianor occurs only in E. Himalaya and NE India, not in the W. Himalaya.
Images of Papilio polyctor are still available on this website under this species page but they will eventually move to their own species page as the website is updated.
Key references:
Joshi, J., and K. Kunte. 2022. Polytypy and systematics: diversification of Papilio swallowtail butterflies in the biogeographically complex Indo-Australian Region. bioRxiv, 2022.03.23.485569.
Condamine, F. L., R. Allio, E. L. Reboud, J. R. Dupuis, E. F. A. Toussaint, N. Mazet, S.-J. Hue, D. S. Lewis, K. Kunte, A. M. Cotton, F. A. H. Sperling. 2023. A comprehensive phylogeny and revised taxonomy illuminate the origin and diversification of the global radiation of Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107758.
Conservation and Special status
This species is not legally protected in India under any schedules of WildLife (Protection) Act, 1972.
Photo Gallery and Species Biology
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| State | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | No date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands UT | |||||||||||||
| Andhra Pradesh | |||||||||||||
| Arunachal Pradesh | 3 | 4 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Assam | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Bihar | |||||||||||||
| Chandigarh | |||||||||||||
| Chhattisgarh | |||||||||||||
| Dadra & Nagar Haveli UT | |||||||||||||
| Daman & Diu UT | |||||||||||||
| Delhi | |||||||||||||
| Goa | |||||||||||||
| Gujarat | |||||||||||||
| Haryana | |||||||||||||
| Himachal Pradesh | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Jammu and Kashmir UT | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
| Jharkhand | |||||||||||||
| Karnataka | |||||||||||||
| Kerala | |||||||||||||
| Ladakh UT | |||||||||||||
| Lakshadweep | |||||||||||||
| Madhya Pradesh | |||||||||||||
| Maharashtra | |||||||||||||
| Manipur | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Meghalaya | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||
| Mizoram | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Nagaland | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||
| Odisha | |||||||||||||
| Puducherry UT | |||||||||||||
| Punjab | |||||||||||||
| Rajasthan | |||||||||||||
| Sikkim | 1 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Tamil Nadu | |||||||||||||
| Tripura | |||||||||||||
| Uttar Pradesh | |||||||||||||
| Uttarakhand | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
| West Bengal | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Total | 8 | 9 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 7 | 12 | 7 | 3 |
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Page citation
Kunte, K. 2024. Papilio bianor Cramer, [1777] – Common Peacock. In Kunte, K., S. Sondhi, and P. Roy (Chief Editors). Butterflies of India, v. 4.12. Published by the Indian Foundation for Butterflies. URL: https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/papilio-bianor, accessed 2024/04/20.