Subspecies in India
(1) Phalanta phalantha phalantha (Drury, [1773]) – Oriental Common Leopard
Conservation and Special status
This species is not legally protected in India under any schedules of WildLife (Protection) Act, 1972.
Photo Gallery and Species Biology
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| State | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | No date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands UT | |||||||||||||
| Andhra Pradesh | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
| Arunachal Pradesh | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Assam | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | ||||||||
| Bihar | |||||||||||||
| Chandigarh | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Chhattisgarh | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Dadra & Nagar Haveli UT | |||||||||||||
| Daman & Diu UT | |||||||||||||
| Delhi | 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Goa | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Gujarat | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||
| Haryana | |||||||||||||
| Himachal Pradesh | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||
| Jammu and Kashmir UT | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Jharkhand | |||||||||||||
| Karnataka | 2 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 10 | 22 | 17 | 19 | 11 | 16 | 9 | 7 | |
| Kerala | 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | |||||
| Ladakh UT | |||||||||||||
| Lakshadweep | |||||||||||||
| Madhya Pradesh | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Maharashtra | 16 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 52 | 11 | 15 | 20 | 19 | 24 | |
| Manipur | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Meghalaya | 7 | ||||||||||||
| Mizoram | |||||||||||||
| Nagaland | |||||||||||||
| Odisha | 1 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||
| Puducherry UT | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Punjab | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||
| Rajasthan | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Sikkim | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||
| Tamil Nadu | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||||||
| Tripura | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Uttar Pradesh | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | ||||
| Uttarakhand | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | |||||||
| West Bengal | 1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 3 | |||
| Total | 33 | 17 | 22 | 19 | 31 | 44 | 85 | 40 | 58 | 71 | 69 | 49 |
Celastraceae (Robinson et al. 2010), Gymnosporia (Robinson et al. 2010), Gymnosporia bachmannii (Robinson et al. 2010) (Celastraceae). Dovyalis hebecarpa (Wynter-Blyth 1957; Kunte 2000; Robinson et al. 2010), Dovyalis (Robinson et al. 2010), Flacourtia (Davidson & Aitken 1890; Young 1907; Sevastopulo 1940; Pant & Chatterjee 1950; Robinson et al. 2010), Flacourtia indica (Bell 1910a; Wynter-Blyth 1957; Kunte 2000; Kunte 2006; Robinson et al. 2010), Flacourtia jangomas (V.C. Balakrishnan pers. obs. 2017), Flacourtia montana (Bell 1910a; Wynter-Blyth 1957; Kunte 2000; Robinson et al. 2010), Populus (Robinson et al. 2010), Populus deltoids (Robinson et al. 2010), Salix (Wynter-Blyth 1957; Kunte 2000; Robinson et al. 2010), Salix tetrasperma (Robinson et al. 2010), Xylosma longifolia (Kunte 2006) (Salicaceae). Androsace (Robinson et al. 2010) (Primulaceae). Smilax (Wynter-Blyth 1957; Kunte 2000; Robinson et al. 2010) (Smilacaceae).
Key Reference:
Nitin, R., V. C. Balakrishnan, P. V. Churi, S. Kalesh, S. Prakash, and K. Kunte. 2018. Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 10:11495–11550.
For the complete list of larval host plants of Indian butterflies, see the page on larval host plants.
Key Reference:
Nitin, R., V. C. Balakrishnan, P. V. Churi, S. Kalesh, S. Prakash, and K. Kunte. 2018. Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 10:11495–11550.
For the complete list of larval host plants of Indian butterflies, see the page on larval host plants.
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Page citation
Saji K. , K. Kunte & A. Bora 2025. Phalanta phalantha (Drury, [1773]) – Common Leopard. In Kunte, K., S. Sondhi, and P. Roy (Chief Editors). Butterflies of India, v. 4.12. Published by the Indian Foundation for Butterflies. URL: https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/phalanta-phalantha, accessed 2025/10/26.